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High Grown Arabica Coffee Beans

Arabica coffee beans possess a distinct flavor profile. Unlike their low-elevation counterpart, Robusta, which has a greater resistance to diseases and pests, Arabica is more susceptible.

The high-grown arabica variety is the most sought-after by specialty roasters and premium arabica coffee beans for espresso coffee shops. What is it that makes this kind of coffee so desirable? Scientists have discovered the reason: altitude.

High Altitudes

With a long history that stretches from Ethiopia and Yemen to lower Africa the coffee has made its way into the hearts of many, and is an enormous portion of the world's coffee production. While low-elevation coffee can be economically viable and is a major component of the instant brews sold in grocery stores, serious coffee lovers look for specialty arabicas that are grown at higher altitudes to produce a more complex flavor profile.

The mountainous regions of the world's most renowned coffee producing countries - Central and South America, Southern Asia and some Pacific Islands, and mid to southern Africa -- provide the ideal growth conditions for the high-quality arabica beans. These high-elevation climates are frost free and provide a temperate atmosphere with a perfect average annual temperature of 64 to 73 degrees Fahrenheit.

Cool mountain temperatures delay the coffee plant's growth cycle and allow for a longer maturation process. The coffee beans are able to absorb flavors from the surrounding environment, resulting in an unique flavor. The longer maturation period also helps to prevent the coffee berry borer, which is a tiny beetle which infests and consumes the beans, as well as the coffee leaf miner moth, which hinders photosynthesis and diminishes productivity.

Combining these factors results in the best flavor profile and taste when compared to coffees that are grown at lower elevations. Coffee grown higher up has higher levels of sweet flavors, such as fruit, citrus and vanilla. It is also richer and more smooth than coffee grown lower. The consistency, sweetness, and depth of flavor make it the most popular bean for roasters looking to produce an exceptionally top-quality cup of joe.

High-grown arabica is commonly called strictly high-grown (SHG) or strictly hard bean (SHB), meaning that the coffee is located at an elevation higher than 4,000 feet. Typically the beans are cultivated on volcanic soils and are organically grown or shade-grown, adding to their already impressive flavor profiles. These beans are denser because they mature and grow slower than those grown at lower elevations. This results in an even stronger and consistent coffee. This unique quality makes SHG and SHB arabica a preferred choice of coffee for roasters who want to make a great cup.

Cool Climate

The best coffee-growing regions are located in the tropical zone between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. This region is known as the "coffee belt". High-quality arabica coffee beans are grown in these mountainous regions where the cooler climate and high altitudes create the ideal conditions for the plant to thrive.

Arabica plants can withstand a wide range of climate conditions. However, their best growth is seen in subtropical regions with cool nights and warm daytime temperatures. This unique climate enables the plant to develop unique flavors that express the freedom. These flavors are what make coffee so special.

While the low-elevation coffees that line the instant coffee aisles of your local grocery store can grow quickly, experts and aficionados alike recognize that these varieties are less bitter and flavorful than specialty coffee beans produced at higher altitudes. In fact, the majority of coffee consumed in the world is high-elevation.

The finest arabica coffee beans are said to be grown between 3,500 and 6,500 feet above sea level. The combination of high altitude, cool climate and fertile soil is what makes these beans so distinctly delicious.

Coffee farmers are always looking for the ideal soil conditions that foster the growth of high-quality arabica coffee plants. The ideal soil will be rich in humus with a smooth, draining texture. This kind of soil is perfect for arabica coffee beans from Ethiopia cultivation, since it encourages healthy roots and helps to minimize plant diseases.

Coffee farms prefer a climate that is cool and has a distinct dry season. These climate patterns allow plants to mature slower, which results in the production of a more dense and delicious bean.

Well-Drained Soil

Unlike the low-elevation species that are cultivated to produce mass quantities and line the aisles of grocery stores The high-quality arabica coffee beans are coveted by coffee lovers for their unique and refined flavor. The coffee trees are sheltered by tall canopy trees, and the volcanic soil is abundant in nutrients. This provides the ideal conditions for the cultivation of these unique beans. The soil is rich in nutrients and allows the roots to absorb them, however it drains quickly so that there aren't stagnant puddles.

Arabian coffee plants have a long taproot and thin fibrous roots that stretch outwards for 3 to 4 ft (0.9-1.2 meters). The cherries' flowers are tiny delicate, fragrant and white. They have two seeds inside and are ripe when red or purple in color. The arabica plant is self-fertile and does not require cross pollination to set fruit.

The cooler climate at higher elevations slows the coffee plant's growth cycle, allowing beans to mature more slowly and develop deeper flavors. This produces a coffee that is richer and more complex, with a much more intense flavor than coffees that are that are grown at lower altitudes.

At higher altitudes, the temperature is lower and the air is more humid. The cool, dry weather is perfect for the coffee plant's sensitive growth, and it helps to suppress the spread of pests and diseases that plague lower-elevation crops.

Due to the particular soil and climate characteristics, high-altitude farms are able to produce more beans than farms at lower elevations. You can find these top beans at specialty cafes and in premium coffee roasters.

When you plant your own arabica plant pay close attention to the requirements of your particular plant and select a soil mix that aligns with these requirements. Avoid commercial mixes that could be too heavy in the ingredients and don't allow the roots of your arabica plant to thrive. Include compost or other organic matter to increase the retention of water, without creating a concrete-like appearance. Water your plant only when the soil is dry to the surface. Avoid over- or underwatering which could cause root rot.

Unique Flavors

The unique flavor profile of arabica beans makes them extremely sought-after. They are more rich and complex in flavor than other coffees, and have notes of flowers, fruit caramel, and chocolate. The careful cultivation and roasting of the beans gives the smoother and sweeter flavor. These beans also have less acidity and caffeine than other varieties which makes them less bitter and easier to drink.

Arabica beans are grown in mountains around the globe that are part the Coffee Belt. The Coffee Belt is a tropical region that extends 30 degrees to the north or south of the Equator. This is where the best-quality beans are produced. The coffee plants are grown in volcanic and other fertile soils, which produce small fruits that are known as coffee cherries.

These cherries contain two seeds. The seeds are separated from the fleshy outer layer when they begin to ripen, and then are ground and roasted to make a cup of coffee. Arabica beans are regarded as a premium coffee bean since they are more expensive and possess a more flavor.

The high altitudes in which arabica beans are grown is one of the most important factors that influence their taste and quality. The cooler climate, the fertile volcanic soils, and the cooler climate make arabica beans taste better than beans grown at lower elevation. The higher elevations can have a positive effect on the process of maturation of coffee beans. This is due to the cooler temperatures slow down the beans' growth cycle which allows them to mature and develop a savoury and rich taste.

The various regions of coffee production around the world each have their own signature flavor and distinctive characteristics. For example, arabica beans originate from Central America tend to have a balanced composition and a light roast arabica coffee beans body while those from Ethiopia and Kenya are known for their savory-sweet flavors. Each region or country has a distinct soil type, which is why each bean has a unique flavor. Certain soils are rich in water and give a rich chocolaty taste. Some have a sand texture that makes the coffee taste lighter.